This study examines the role of governance and effective management of development to ensure that fruits of development reach all citizens, specifically Sri Lankan perspective. Major objective of this study is to provide evidence of the link between governance and management of development and to analyze how citizens’ utilizes development through different aspects, modes and features of governance. Governance has increasingly become a major instrument for the successful growth performance and development purposes in the world. Achieving sustainable results in international development depends on efficient, effective and inclusive governance systems that reflect the will of the all citizens. This study is a qualitative research and data were collected mainly from secondary sources such as books, journals, newspapers, internet articles and relevant research articles. Accordingly, this paper is organized as follows: the role of governance to ensure development; governance and development policies; good governance and development; e-Governance and development; finally, poor governance and challenges for management of development and conclusion are provided.

Climate change is an unbearable reality because climate has changed, is changing and will continue to change. As of now, the global village is just beginning to understand the potential magnitude and severity of climate change impacts on food security, not just now but for future generations. Some of the symptoms of climate change include global warming, loss of crops due to over extensive periods of drought, unpredictable rainfall patterns, melting glaciers, displaced populations seeking refuge after floods, or entire villages devastated by the implacable force of cyclones and hurricanes. It is disheartening to note that the poorest, the most vulnerable countries of the world are the hardest hit. In Zimbabwe, just like any other sub-Saharan African country agriculture as the backbone of food security depends almost entirely on rainfall, a situation which may result in it being vulnerable to climate change. This study analyses the impact of climate change induced disasters on rural livelihoods with specific focus on food security, agricultural production and coping mechanisms in semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe. The methods used in this study include focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews, household surveys and field observations. Furthermore, the paper also dwelt on issues that interrogate why climatic phenomenon may come to be regarded as a hazard and why some people become vulnerable. Examples are extracted from Sanyati district in Mashonaland West province, North-West Zimbabwe primarily because it is the region that is hard hit by unfavourable weather conditions.

The paper investigates and evaluates the efforts of Government to prevent violence and build peace in Nigeria. It focuses on the approaches successive Governments in Nigeria have been deploying over the years to contain the menace of violence in the country. Despite the enormous resources successive Governments claim to have used in confronting violence over the years, pockets of violence still dot the nooks and crannies of the country. In attempts to contain the increasing level of violence in the country, state actors often emphasis the top-bottom approach involving the use of police and the military, which at best can only result in negative peace. The emphasis on the top-bottom approach makes positive peace elusive, the gap following the failure approach to arrest violence on a sustainable basis and entrench positive peace in the country, necessitates the need for non-state actors to step in, with a view to bridging the gap. This paper adopts a descriptive method in its study, as it concludes that greater attention has been paid to the use of security agents and top-bottom approach. It therefore, recommends a shift of emphasis to bottom-top approach which provides the grassroots and the Nigerian people the opportunity to own the process.

Language is the means of communication. As a medium of communication English enjoys the position of World Language. So a good English Language Teaching and Learning is of Paramount importance to determine the standard of our system of education. On the other hand the teaching of English depends to a large extent on the policy adopted by the Government. iIt is a matter of great grief that only for proper English Language policy and Teaching method we cannot achieve our ultimate success in English in compare to other neighboring countries. There is no denying the fact that in our country we do not use the right approach in English teaching and learning (Prescribed by GoB). Though our Government is giving emphasis on CLT method but in reality in our schools, and colleges there is no practice of communicative English. Some teachers never follow the CLT method in their classroom teaching. They always engage their students busy in memorizing grammar rules and other syllabus oriented lessons so that they can commit the things to vomit it in the examination and thus gain a good grade. So the students are very afraid of communicating in English. But we have to find out a technique suitable to all to be well-equipped so that we can cope up with the changing world. This study will give us a clear picture about the English language teaching and learning in Bangladesh since 1974 to present time and try to explore the solution of the problem.

Education stands out as the best cost-effective means increasing human capital, reducing poverty and achieving sustainable development. Universal primary education is likely to give developing countries the human capital boost necessary to bring large segments of the population out of poverty. This is why investing in primary education becomes the top priorty to policy makers of many countries including Bangladesh. Bangladesh is facing gigantic challenges like variations in teacher student ratio, lack of qualified and trained teachers, variety in primary education systems, disparity and lack of coordination among primary educational institutions, which constrain the attainment of universal primary education and its effort to increase enrollments and quality education. Bangladesh, despite of being signatory state to international treaties and having national legislation, is yet to enforce right to education as fundamental right and there is no instrument to compel State to the full realization of right to primary education. Hence this article emphasises on increasing the financial allocation of primary education as a tool to reduce these challenges. Budget analysis through right based approach can examine this priority as it can help to quantify the steps that the State is taking to achieve progressively the full realization of the right to education.